The Trail Of Tears Essays - Cherokee Nation, Cherokee, John Ross

The Trail of Tears "We are now about to take our leave and kind farewell to our native land, the country that Great Spirit gave our Fathers, we are on the eve of leaving that country that gave us birth? it is with sorrow we are forced by the white man to quit the scenes of our childhood?we bid farewell to it and all we hold dear." This is the way that Cherokee Vice Chief Charles Hicks described, in 1838, the emotions that must have been felt after the mistreatment and the abuse that was wrought upon the Cherokee Indians. It was a trail of blood, a trail of death, but ultimately it was known as the "Trail of Tears". In this history of the Cherokee Nation we are trying, but without success, to be as unbiased as possible. It's the War of 1812. Andrew Jackson is mounting up forces against the Pro-British faction of the Creek Indians. The United States appealed for Cherokee support for aid in war against Tukumsa and another Indian known as Red Sticks. The Cherokee Nation replied with six to eight hundred of their best warriors. It was this war were the Indians fought side by side with Jackson. After a treaty in 1814 was forced on the Creek Indians, the Cherokees filed claims for there lose. There was no promise that their claims would be acknowledged. This would bring on the biggest betrayal on the Cherokee Indians, Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson demanded the session of twenty-three million acres of land to the United States. The Cherokee Nation, however, owned Four million acres of this land. The Cherokees protested again to Indian agent Jonathan Meigs in the War Department. Once again their former ally called these claims "Cherokee intrigue". Andrew Jackson then suggested with troops already in the field that this would be the perfect time to remove Cherokees as well as Creeks out of Tennessee. The Indian Removal Act was introduced by Andrew Jackson and was passed by Congress in 1830. This act was to force the Indians west of the Mississippi River. This was largely carried out by General Winfield Scott and his army of approximantly seven thousand troops, in May of 1838. When the army arrived in New Echota Georgia thousand of Cherokee Indians would be rounded up with dragnets and penned up in wooden stockades. By June 5, 1838 it was estimated that only 200 Cherokee had escaped. There were between fifteen to se venteen thousand Cherokee held in these crude jails, where they would await their long brutal journey west. This route from Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, and finally ending in Oklahoma, would later be referred by Cherokees as Nunna-da-ul-tsun-yi, or "the trail on which they Cried". The journey on which the Indians traveled would bring many deaths due to starvation, droughts and disease. There were two main ways of travel, by land and river. River travel was difficult if not impossible because low river levels due to the drought. All in all it took 645 wagons, 5000 horses and oxen and river vessels used primarily for the ill. Grant Foreman, Dean of Indian Historians, recorded this appalling period. He stated that the weather was extremely hot, there was a drought, and water was scarce and there were suffocating clouds of dust mixed with the oxygen. He also stated that at least three but, up to five people died per day on the trail. By the end of June 1838 two to three hundred Indians were sick. On June 17, 1838 General Charles Floyd of the Georgia militia wrote to Governor Gilmen of New Echota that they were convinced that there were no longer any Cherokee in Georgia. This would hold true that they succeeded in removing the Cherokee from the state, but not compl etely from the east. This would bring on a great supporter of the Cherokee people, a white man by the name of John Ross. John Ross campaigned heavily for the Cherokees. Ross was part of the immigration management committee. Ross persuaded General Scott to approve a budget for the captive Indians of Seventeen cents per Indian per day. This was double the amount figured by congress. This money was

The eNotes Blog How to Mark National PunctuationDay

How to Mark National PunctuationDay Attention, grammarphiles: today is National Punctuation Day! Commemorated every September 24th, National Punctuation Day is the only holiday in existence to celebrate the wonderful, squiggly world of punctuation marks. In a world where punctuation is rapidly in decline, thanks to texting and trendy writers (ahem, ee cummings and James Frey), this day serves to remind us that a semicolon is not a surgical procedure, nor is an ellipsis the moment when the moon moves in front of the sun. Wondering how you can mark this happy day? Unfortunately, NPD isnt a public holiday (yet). However, there are a few of ways to show your appreciation for all things punctuation-y. The organizers behind National Punctuation Day hold an annual competition. This year, in honor of the 2012 presidential election, they ask their constituents to elect one punctuation mark as president: The rules: Write one paragraph with a maximum of three sentences using the following 13 punctuation marks to explain which should be â€Å"presidential,† and why: apostrophe, brackets, colon, comma, dash, ellipsis, exclamation point, hyphen, parentheses, period, question mark, quotation mark, and semicolon. You may use a punctuation mark more than once, and there is no word limit. Multiple entries are permitted. So much for my dark horse vote for the interpunct. Its uses are gravely underrated, if you ask me. Cast your ballot for one of the other hopefuls by visiting the National Punctuation Day website  and submitting your thoughts. The New Yorkers Questioningly column is also partnering with NPD for its latest competition. In its post Punctuation Nation, Questioningly asks its readers to devise a brand new punctuation mark. The constraints are that it must be made from a combination of two already existing punctuation marks, like the interrobang, for instance (?! or sometimes †½). The column suggests, maybe there should be a ,? mark, which indicates slowness and confusion, or a /\, which indicates disingenuous differentiation between two otherwise similar elements. (What?!) Anyway, you get it. To enter, tweet your suggestion, followed by the hashtag #tnyquestion. You can view all of the current submissions to the contest here. And if both of those competitions fail you, what else is there to do but sulk at home and bake food in the shape of punctuation marks, right? Yup, National Punctuation Day has a recipe for that. Bonus Fun: Havent had your fill yet? What a punc you are. This puzzle should set you straight Insert the proper punctuation in this sentence necessary to make it correct: James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher Got it yet? Check your answer here. (No peeking!)

Lilis Love Triangle essays

Lili's Love Triangle essays Narrator: They started off as 5 college buddies, who went their separate ways after college. Shaft played by Keith is married to Lili who is played by Linh. Tony who is played by Colin is going out with Lauren played by Fern, and Kenny, Tonys brother, played by Lam who proceeds with school to his Ph.D in medicine and this story will be narrated by me, Nancy. Well two years later Shaft becomes a gangster, because of a drug addiction. Lili is cheating on Shaft with Tony, Kenny is diagnosed with a heart disease, and Tony and Lauren had broken up, but Lauren still loves him. This scene starts in the hospital where Tony and Lili visits Kenny. Kenny: I hope so. Well I gotta get some rest, so close the door on your way out. Tony: Do you wanna stay over tonight? ll just have to call my husband and tell him Im going to stay at my sisters house. Narrator: Later that night, Lauren goes to Lili and Shafts house. Shaft: (Answers the door) Lauren! What a surprise! How you been? Lauren: Oh Im fine Shaft. Is Lili here? Shaft: No, shes at her sisters....did you need to talk to her? Lauren: Actually, I came to see you. Shaft: (Questioned) Really?!? What did you need? t really know how to tell this-but Lili is cheating on you... with Tony. I saw them going into his apartment. Shaft: (angrily) I think you should leave now! Shaft: Just leave! I'll handle it myself. Narrator: Lauren leaves, Shaft stays up until Lili comes home. Narrator: Now its morning at Tonys apartment. Lili is getting ready to leave. Lili: I gotta get home, before (says sarcastically) my darling husband says something. ...

Get the Facts of the Burj Khalifa

Get the Facts of the Burj Khalifa At 828 meters in length (2,717 feet) and 164 floors, Burj Dubai/Burj Khalifa was the tallest building in the world as of January 2010. Taipei 101, the Taipei Financial Center in the Taiwanese capital, was from 2004 to 2010 the worlds tallest skyscraper, at 509.2 meters, or 1,671 ft. The Burj easily exceeds that height. Before their destruction in 2001, the World Trade Centers Twin Towers in Manhattan were 417 meters (1,368 ft) and 415 meters (1,362 ft) tall. Burj Dubai/Burj Khalifa was dedicated on Jan. 4, 2010.Cost of the Burj: $1.5 billion, part of downtown Dubais $20 billion redevelopment program.The name of the tower was changed from Burj Dubai to Burj Khalifa at the last minute in honor of Sheik Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan, ruler of Abu Dhabi, and in recognition of Abu Dhabi providing Dubai $10 billion in December 2009 to bail out Dubais bankrupt sovereign wealth fund.Construction began on Sept. 21, 2004.More than 12,000 people will occupy the buildings 6 million square feet. Residential apartments number 1,044.Special amenities include a 15,000 square foot fitness facility, a cigar club, the highest mosque in the world (on the 158th floor), the highest observation deck in the world (on the 124th floor) and the highest swimming pool in the world (on the 76th floor), as well as the first Armani Hotel in the world.The Burj is expected to consume 946,000 liters (or 250,000 gallons) of water a day.Electricity consumption is expected to peak at 50 MVA or the equivalent of 500,000 100-watt bulbs burning simultaneously. The Burj has 54 elevators. They can speed up to 65km an hour (40 mph)The equivalent of 100,000 elephants worth of concrete was used during construction.31,400 metric tons of steel rebar used in the structure.28,261 glass cladding panels cover the exterior of the tower, each panel cut by hand and installed by Chinese cladding specialists.12,000 workers were employed at the site at peak construction. Three workers died while working on the site.The number of underground parking spaces at the Burj: 3,000.The lead contractor was South Korea-based Samsung, along with Belgiums Besix and the UAEs Arabtec.The building was designed by Chicagos Skidmore, Owings Merrill and developed by Dubais Emaar Properties.The buildings structural engineer is William F. Baker, who on July 11, 2009, became the first American to win the Fritz Leonhardt Prize For Achievement In Structural Engineering.

Multinational Business in the Chinese Economy Research Paper - 1

Multinational Business in the Chinese Economy - Research Paper Example The persistence poverty level, especially in Northern Shaanxi and other parts of China, is due to economic disparities. The income disparity has been the key issues in China; thus, here is the need to widen the geographical income gaps, avoid industrial clusters and improve infrastructures, which are barriers to economic growth in the interior geographical locations of China. Dimensions of Distance The distance matters for multinational business because of varied issues. First, the cultural distance is one of the matters for successful business performance and economic growth of China. Differences in language are one of the cultural issues impacting the economic and geographical locations of the multinational companies. The language barrier is still a problem for companies carrying out business activities overseas. This is because the Chinese have their language, which they use in the country, and it is difficult for foreigners to understand. Moreover, different ethnicities and poor social network communication are attributes of cultural distance. Lack of effective and well-developed social networks may hinder the successful business performance of multinational companies. China has many industries, some of which are multinational companies located within the economy. However, due to poor infrastructure development, especially roads and the communication network, many of them are unable to meet their demanding goals because of lack of connective ethnic or social networks. Ghemawat argues that an economy’s cultural attributes such as ethnicity, social norms, different languages or national identity on consumer products matter a lot in business activities.  This is because religious beliefs, ethnicity, language or social norms are capable of creating distance between two economies (Ghemawat 140). Secondly, the administration distance is another matter for multinational business. Historical and political organizations being shared by more than one country may create an impact on multinational business. Ghemawat points out that government policies, political hostility, lack of shared or political connections and institution weakness are among the attributes creating administrative distance (140). These attributes may impact the effective business performance of multinational companies. China is one of the emerging economies that have made efforts to improve the economic growth. However, an administrative distance is still a matter towards becoming a fully developed nation. For instance, individual government policies including environmental, trade and other policies create a barrier for successful multinational business. Thirdly, geographical distances matter for multinational business. This is through creating barriers towards successful business performance because of increased transportation costs, bulk ratio issues and losses encountered in the transportation of fragile or perishable commodities in a long distance. Geographical d istance is not a matter of how far is the place in terms of miles or kilometers – other attributes contribute to geographical distance. These include the physical scene of the nation, topography, access to waterways as well as transportation and communication infrastructures. These are among the attributes that have impacted the effective business performance of the multinational business in the Chinese economy.

Kinesiology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kinesiology - Research Paper Example Once the cause is identified, the bad feelings associated with emotional stress can be eliminated. An approach approved to the management of emotional stress is kinesiology. Through the technique of Emotional Stress Relief (ESR), a victim of emotional stress can quickly achieve calmness, clearly thinking and effective functioning in stressful, traumatic or high-pressure situations (Hoffman, 2008). If applied with the guidance of a health care professional, Emotional Stress Relief (ESR) is an effective kinesiology technique to achieve calmness, clear thinking and optimal functioning in an emotionally stressed person. This paper discusses the effective use of ESR to manage the signs and symptoms of emotional stress, including fight and flight responses to situations, paralysis responses, fear, and uncontrolled anger. If applied with professional guidance, ESR has numerous benefits for emotionally stressed persons. The benefits of ESR to the reader are numerous. Mainly, ESR releases muscle tension, increases flexibility, and improves the energy levels, accompanied by simple pain relief (Wilmore et al., 2006). ESR has also been proved to result in improved posture and breathing as well as the relaxation of muscles such as jaw muscles. By extension, the relaxation of muscles may help in attainment of migraine relief. Overall, ESR has the potential to improve and maintain an individual’s health in general. Importantly, ESR improves self-esteem and confidence and reduces mood swings. Besides, the technique stabilizes emotions, making it an effective stress management method. It also improves the diet to help a tress person’s food intake meet the body’s unique needs. The kinesiology approach to stress management entails the use of body muscles and movements (Wolf et al., 2006). It focuses on addressing emotional stress as a whole-body phenomenon. Kinesiology has the advantage o f being versatile, thus universally applicable. In

Equity and Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Equity and Trusts - Essay Example 500 or part of it. The equitibility of the words â€Å"†¦ I regard the money in the account as much yours as mine† by Brian shall be construed with reference to the conduct of parties. A trust is a binding agreement between a testator and the trustee for the benefit of the beneficiary. Accordingly, for there to exist a valid trust, three certainties must be present. The â€Å"certainty of words† which reveals the intention of the testator, certainty of â€Å"subject matter† (property bequeathed) which in this case is the money and the â€Å"certainty of objects† (the intended beneficiary) as upheld byâ€Å"Lord Langdale MR† as he was then in â€Å"Knight V Knight (1840).† Besides, Lindley L J in â€Å"Re Hamilton [1895]†stated that the intention of the testator in every wording or disposition should as a rule of prudent practice is construed on the merits of each case. Whereas the current case presents quite a problematic and conf licting loyalty in the application of equity and trust, it can be regarded as a constructive trust. According to Lord Denning in â€Å"Hussey v Palmer (1972)† this is a trust imposed upon by the Court whenever justice, conscience or good objective judgment demands it to be vested in the beneficiary. From conduct of parties, Brian had the intention to create a valid constructive trust. ... It’s also correct that Premafacie, the words themselves are not sufficient enough to create a valid trust but coupled with Brian’s conduct, there is a manifestation of that intention by his assurance to Amanda. For example, in the case of Paul v Constance (1977), money was placed into the account â€Å"sole name of Constance.† As it were assurances were made to Mr. Paul that the money in the account was jointly owned. Paul argued that based on that construction, it was sufficient that the wording created a joint ownership of the account. It was held that the conduct of the parties created an intention of joint ownership. Similarly in â€Å"Re Vandervell’s Trust (No 2) (1974)†, the money in the settlement was used in purchasing shares. This was done in exercise of a prevailing option for the intended beneficiary. The Court held that the conduct of these parties where upon they used the money to pay dividends into the intended settlement was sufficien t evidence of the intention to create a valid trust although no specific words were used. Therefore, in the current case, although it’s difficult to state the words in the phrase â€Å"†¦ I regard the money in the account as much yours as mine† as sufficient to create a valid trust, it’s also correct from the above case law that this wording coupled with the conduct of Brian created a valid constructive trust as sufficient certainty for that requisite intention . I advise Amanda to institute an equitable claim on the above basis because equity â€Å"looks at the intent rather than the form.† It’s the spirit behind the conduct of the parties which is important rather than the form of the statement. She will first seek an injunction to maintain the statusquo until the Court decides discretionary