South China Sea and ASEAN-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: There is a lack of consensus in ASEAN. Why? When did it emerge? Will it be long standing? Who is behind it -finally leading up to the issue of China. What has China got to do with the lack of consensus in ASEAN and how does that relate to the South China Sea disputes? Answer: There is a lack of consensus in ASEAN? Why? The major reason for the absence of ASEANs consensus is due to the activities of China on the South China Sea (SCS). The ASEAN defense ministers were thus enable to agree on the joint statement after the meeting/forum held on Wednesday. This inability is a clear reflection of the concern of these ministers about the activity of China in the South China Sea. This remained a salient issues of discussion as well as one of great concern by nations in the meeting since it was raised by everyone. For example, it was apparent from the unanimous decision by the PAC in 2016 that Chinas activities were hurting Philippines. The Court ruled in favor of Philippines in most questions including that Chinese ships behavior were physically obstructing the vessels of Philippines and against the law. The Tribunal further awarded that the nine-dash line of China alongside the claim to historic rights in SCS were both invalid as per the international law. [1] The Meeting held in 2016 showed lack of consensus where defense Ministers had to retract their statement that recognized the activities in SCS. They had expressed their serious concern over the latest and ongoing development that had eroded trust as well as confidence, augmented tensions as well as which could have the potential of undermining peace, security as well as stability in the SCS. The retracted statement had also recognized and emphasized the significance of non-militarization as well as self-restraint in conduct of each activity, including land reclamation that could raise tensions in SCS. They further retracted the statement where they had emphasized the significance of maintaining peace, stability, security, safety as well as freedom of navigation in alongside overflight above the SCS according to the conventionally acknowledged principles of the international law including 1982 UNCLOS (United Nations Convention) on the Law of the Sea). The ASEAN members have let the crucial economic links as well as interests with China to take frontline when working for consensus which only means that they will be sacrificing the unity on the major issues like SCS. [2] Unlike at the point of ASEAN formation in 1967 where the organizations world recognized trademark was its consensus approach where decisions were being taken by consensus, not by majority, the contemporary ASEANs decisions are solely by majority. When did it emerge? Will it be long standing? Who is behind it -- finally leading up to the issue of China? When it emerged? The lack of consensus emerged where the Southeast Asian Foreign Ministers failed to release the joint communique in Cambodias Summit in 2012 for the first time in history of ASEAN. The unity of ASEAN over SCS has remained a fraught issue for the ASEAN organization. [3] For the first time since inception, ASEAN foreign ministers, at the summit in Cambodia in 2012, failed to issue a joint communique, following a highly publicized stand-off the same year between China and the Philippines Scarborough Shoal in the SCS. The joint customary communique at the end of the high-level meeting that took place on 2016 also failed to happen in August as the statement was retracted barely hours after it had been released following the mention of Chinese illegal activities in the SCS. Will it be long standing? This lack of consensus will really be a long standing issue following the activities of China in the SCS. In absence of a leadership initiative on the part an ASEANs more neutral states makes it increasingly doubtful that ASEAN policy toward China shall change any soon. This is because ASEAN members seem to have the potential to lead the organization that can by extension establish a consensus on China. [4] Such a regional leader seems not to be here yet since it will need capacity both human and financial resources, internal commitment to undertake a leadership role as well as the buy-in of its regional as well as global neighbor. None of the ASEAN members seems to fit this decision yet or even come close to fitting it. For example, Jakarta stays the symbolic head that host the secretariat of ASEAN, yet Indonesia presently lacks the will to take the definitive leadership responsibility and role. The future of ASEAN will remain tied to rise of China. With an array of economic, military and political variances among ASEAN members, ASEAN requires a string voice among the member countries to guide both external and internal consultation, were members hope to generate on ASEAN-centric approach to issues of security and ultimate creation of consensus. In absence of a committed as well as capable ASEAN leader (s) on political-security matters, periodic eruptions of crises in SCS might continue to turn the status quo balance of power into the ASEAN chronic instability. Who is behind it -- finally leading up to the issue of China? China is behind this long standing stand-off primarily due to its activities in SCS. When the statement was released prior to retraction, it is understood that it attracted private protests from Beijing; even whereas it never mention China by name, it remained unusual for ASEAN ministers to implicitly criticize Chinese behavior or activities on Chinese soil. The diplomats have said to be the lack of consensus regarding how to refer to the South China Sea disputes. The South China Sea has remained a longstanding thorny issues for ASEAN, with various opinions amongst its ten members on how to speak to Chinas assertiveness as well as Chinas building alongside heavy arming of Chinese artificial islands in the disputed waters. The issues entail the requirement to mention the need to evade land reclamation and militarization fronted by Vietnam that is among the 4 members with competing sovereignty claims with China. China remains extremely sensitive regarding ASEAN mentioning its military capabilities expansion on such islands and some ASEAN members are concerned about the feasible repercussions of upsetting Beijing provided its economic power and military. Any attempt to reissue the statement with a softening of language on SCS-or even an outright omissions of this particular issue- might have raised fundamental questions regarding the willingness of ASEAN to jointly stand up to the adventurism of China in SCS, where Beijing has built the artificial islands as well as raised its military footprints lately. Among these states of ASEAN only Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei are direct claimants in the SCS disputes. Indonesia has lately encountered challenges with illegal fishing activities of China in its exclusion economic zone, but doesnt recognize the dispute with China. [5] The ASEAN seems unwilling and unable to stand up to China. The negotiations between China with ASEAN on the Code of Conduct for the SCS have dragged into their thirteenth year. China, at the same time, has undertaken an enormous land reclamation campaign to alter the status quo in SCS, leaving critics to lament the inability of ASEAN to form a united policy toward China. [6] The ambiguity regarding the rise of China remains a black sheep in the in Southeast Asia integration. Even though ASEAN had plans to achieve economic pillar of building a regional community by 2015, integration on political-security pillar remained gradual, partially as a result of ASEAN principles of non-interferences and non-confrontational haggling that slow consensus building. [7] The continuation of same policies by ASEAN towards China since 1990s has remained unsuccessful in keeping China from pushing Asian region towards instability as well as threatening the integration of ASEAN. For instance, China compelled a confrontation with Philippines over Second Thomas Shoal only 9 days prior to a round of Code of Conduct consultations in the year 2014, China demonstrated it had little concern for the goal of a cooperative regional order set by ASEAN. What has China got to do with the lack of consensus in ASEAN and how does that relate to the South China Sea dispute(s)? What has China got to do with the lack of consensus in ASEAN? China has exploited the divisions among the members of ASEAN and subsequently applied economic pressure, both negative and positive, to keep the economies from reaching a consensus on the maritime security in their individual backyard. Further, weak leadership on security as well as political issues has left ASEAN without a united approach on the aggression of China in SCS. This remains a fundamental reason why ASEAN stays divided on China. There is no leading economy to overcome political, cultural, and economic variances and forge an overarching consensus. [8] The leadership in ASEAN following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis remained extremely weak or absent at all making China to rapidly force divisions among the ASEAN members. Thailand and Singapore have offered restrained leadership on economic matters, but the ability of Thailand to perform such a key role has weakened because of Thailands internal troubles. China has exploited the absence of core leader to its advantage particularly lack of strong internal mechanisms in ASEAN to mitigate differences among the members to facilitate the lack of consensus in ASEAN. China, for example, has taken this advantage and allowed many ASEAN members to pursue different bilateral actions as well as policies which are extremely at odds with the ASEAN-centric approach to the regional matters. China is at the center of shaping the ASEANs strategic environment than ASEAN itself due the lack of strong ASEAN leadership. It is proclaimed that Chinese diplomacy had triumphed over Japan and the US stands out. It is argued that China has succeeded in splitting ASEAN bloc. Issues like the PCA ruling failed to be integrated into any statement/agreements as Cambodia came out to support China strongly. The Tokyo and Washington demands that the PCA decision be accepted were never passed. On the contrary, the position of Cambodia that acted as spokesperson of China to call for bilateral negotiation carried the day. Based on these sorts of examinations, it is apparent that ASEAN nations are never the protagonists. Instead, China, Japan and the US are treated as the major players in accounting of whatever they have in the store for ASEAN nations that are usually framed as if the lack agency. However, this remains a misguided state of thinking. The ASEAN individual nations have independent choices to make. [9] Whether or not the ASEAN Foreign Ministers meeting integrates a joint statement on the decision of PCAs South China Sea, this is never about a national being compelled by Japan, the US or China; it is the policy that has been chosen by ASEAN. The real reason is that Southeast Asia has been the focal point of the power wrangle between China and the United States. Accordingly, when China has made forays into this focal point (South China Sea) on the basis of Chinas individual realism, ASEAN has been in awkward position thereby finding it challenging to cope as an organization. Further, while individual Southeast Asian economies could still cope with the United States or China openly employing logic of territorial expansion, on the surface such arguments have concerned rules-oriented concepts like the rule of law/freedom of navigation. Accordingly, it is increasingly hard for ASEAN to respond more efficiently and effectively. Simply put, whereas ASEAN seems to be a forum for deliberation, its structure impedes it from really generating a consensus/conclusion. This is the reason moving forward and not merely at the Foreign Ministers Meeting but at the broad array meeting- differing perception will continue of how ASEAN is tac kling such a Chinese realism internally. This is further evident to recognize the fault lines in the internal structure of ASEAN. This endured attention on a cross-section of variances is inevitable in its individual manner. However, even where there is an ongoing attention on rifts within ASEAN, they shall be in the context of restrained issues; as a whole there shall be an even firmer need for ASEAN to work as it has previously, which is to arrive at consensus. This further underscores the need for strengthening partnerships with additional-regional economies that back ASEAN. How does that relate to the South China Sea dispute(s)? The interferences by China that has impeded the consensus in ASEAN has a close relationship to the SCS disputes. For example, Chinas has a close ties with Cambodia that had to support it at the meeting of ASEAN foreign ministers held in Phnom Penh in July. This caused the dispute since Cambodias support to China ensured that the demands by Vietnam and Philippines were shelved. The two countries wanted the final communique to reflect their concerns over the series of incidents in SCS saves to China illegal activities and behavior. Philippines and Vietnam wanted the final communique to include Scarborough Shoal as well as various cable cutting incidents that involved Vietnamese-chartered ships. Having been influenced by China, Cambodia that held the ASEAN Chair and that has created close economic as well as political ties with China saves to land of strong leadership in ASEAN allowing China to influence it into such bilateral policies, declined arguing that such incidents amounted to bilateral disputes. [10] This led to failure by States on any attempts to reach a compromise on the SCS activities among the ASEAN foreign ministers. Accordingly, and for the first time since ASEAN inception in 1967, the organization failed to issue a final communique in 2012. Cambodia remained highly criticized for such truculence and further accused of having acted at the Chinas behest in order to secure continued assistance economically. Such a fiasco, was argued by Singapores foreign minister (K Shanmugam) had caused ASEANs credibility a severe dent while and hence Cambodias actions called ASEANs centrality into question. Cambodias actions public as well as embarrassingly revealed the lack of ASEAN solidarity over the SCS. This above examination reveals clearly that the lack of consensus in ASEAN is all about the disputes of SCS where China wants to undertake its illegal activities and behaviors by ensuring that there is internal division and lack of solidarity in ASEAN to shelve any issues of mentioning the SCS matters in its communique. China has succeeded in creating division in ASEAN by engaging directly into bilateral policies with ASEAN individual members in exchange of support economically and even politically so as to ensure that it has the backing of some member states of ASEAN to bar consensus as it did in the year 2012. Such interferences and weakening of the ASEAN by China has seen many disputes sprouting including the dispute between Philippines v. China on SCS where the International Court (PAC) has since delivered its ruling in favor of Philippines on most questions as outlined above. China thus wants to get support among the ASEAN members to illegally allow itself to continue harming others that it is various disputes. References Ba, A. D. (2003). China and ASEAN: renavigating relations for a 21st-century Asia. Asian Survey, 43(4), 622-647. Buszynski, L. (2003). ASEAN, the declaration on conduct, and the South China Sea. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 343-362. Buszynski, L., Sazlan, I. (2007). Maritime claims and energy cooperation in the South China Sea. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 29(1), 143-171. Chen, L. K., Liu, L. K., Woo, J., Assantachai, P., Auyeung, T. W., Bahyah, K. S., ... Lee, J. S. (2014). Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 15(2), 95-101. Chong, F. (2012). South China sea breaches ASEAN. Asia Today International, 30(4), 5. Halper, S. (2010). The Beijing consensus: how China's authoritarian model will dominate the twenty-first century. ReadHowYouWant. com. Odgaard, L. (2003). The South China Sea: ASEANs Security Concerns about China. Security Dialogue, 34(1), 11-24. Ramo, J. C. (2004). The Beijing Consensus (p. 3). London: Foreign Policy Centre. Rowan, J. P. (2005). The US-Japan security alliance, ASEAN, and the South China Sea dispute. Asian Survey, 45(3), 414-436. Thao, N. H. (2003). The 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea: A Note. Ocean Development International Law, 34(3-4), 279-285 Ba, A. D. (2003). China and ASEAN: renavigating relations for a 21st-century Asia. Asian Survey, 43(4), 622-647. Halper, S. (2010). The Beijing consensus: how China's authoritarian model will dominate the twenty-first century. ReadHowYouWant. com. Odgaard, L. (2003). The South China Sea: ASEANs Security Concerns about China. Security Dialogue, 34(1), 11-24. Buszynski, L., Sazlan, I. (2007). Maritime claims and energy cooperation in the South China Sea. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 29(1), 143-171. Thao, N. H. (2003). The 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea: A Note. Ocean Development International Law, 34(3-4), 279-285. Chong, F. (2012). South China sea breaches ASEAN. Asia Today International, 30(4), 5. Ramo, J. C. (2004). The Beijing Consensus (p. 3). London: Foreign Policy Centre. Chen, L. K., Liu, L. K., Woo, J., Assantachai, P., Auyeung, T. W., Bahyah, K. S., ... Lee, J. S. (2014). Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 15(2), 95-101. Rowan, J. P. (2005). The US-Japan security alliance, ASEAN, and the South China Sea dispute. Asian Survey, 45(3), 414-436. Buszynski, L. (2003). ASEAN, the declaration on conduct, and the South China Sea. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 343-362.

Organization Impact of the Leadership on the Performance

Question: Discuss about the case study Organization for Impact of the Leadership on the Performance. Answer: Introduction: The title of the research project is the Impact of the leadership on the performance of the organization. That is the impact of the leadership management on the performance of the employees. The leadership is the process by which a leader can influence the employees to work for the direction and objectives of the organization. The problems that are investigated regarding the leadership is How the leadership, management can be done, How the leadership influences the performance of the organization, Is the proper leadership, management leads to the high performance of the organization? If the leadership management is not properly done, what are the problems faced by the organization and the employees? All these problems will investigate in the research work and solution to all these problems will search in the research project. Aim and objectives of the research proposal The aim and objective of the research topic are to analyse the impact of the leadership on the performance of the organization. That is how the leadership leads to better performance of the organization, how the leadership management can be done, how it impact on the performance of the organization and what problem will arise if the leadership management is not properly done in the organization (Tuan, 2010). A brief research methodology Research methodology includes the research design, population, sampling and collection of data, analysis of the collected data and interpretation of the result from the analysis of the data. Methodology mainly focuses on the research area and the tools and procedures used for this purpose. Research methodology describes the strategies and directions that how the data are to be collected for the research study (Ole Pors, 2008).. For the research methodology, research task will use the applied research. Applied research is used to finding the solution of daily problems, to cure illness and in the development of innovative technologies. Research methodology will determine the process used for the collection of data. The research design is of three types: qualitative design, quantitative design, and mixed methods design. Literature review: First, for the research task, the literature review will do from the related journal, books and research articles. Literature review consists of the text about the current knowledge of the particular topic. Literature view does not comprise of any new experimental work, but it is the secondary source of knowledge of particular research. It forms the basis of other research in that field by giving the current and up to date knowledge regarding the topic (Yilmaz, 2014). Data collection: the research will use the case study methodology for our research because it is appropriate for the study of a limited number of individuals, groups or institutions which known as the units of analysis. In this case study, the research will look for a private university in Jordan sector. In the case study face-to-face interview or the seminar schedule for the interview conducted (Weintraub, 2012). The Representative group consists or sample consists of management and staff of the private companies. A set of 20 questions is prepared which known as a questionnaire (Katou, 2015). The questionnaire selected according to the hypothesis and research questions and objective of the research. The representative group will ask to reply to the question of the questionnaire and their responses will collect to analyse the response and draw a conclusion from data (Dennis, 2014). Analysis of the data: The data will collect and the responses will feed into a statistical package for social sciences, having version 20.0 for the analysis and evaluation of data. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will use (Dennis, 2014). In the qualitative analysis, the online survey and forum will use for the analysis and in the quantitative analysis, the statistical data, pie charts, excel sheets will use for the analysis. References Bhat, A., Verma, N., Rangnekar, S., Barua, M. (2012). Leadership style and team processes as predictors of organisational learning.Team Performance Management,18(7/8), 347-369. Dennis, R. (2014). Improvised Performance: Nurturing Natural Leadership.Journal Of Organisational Transformation Social Change,11(2), 108-124. Jepson, D. (2009). Studying Leadership at Cross-Country Level: A Critical Analysis.Leadership,5(1), 61-80. Katou, A. (2015). Transformational leadership and organisational performance.Employee Relations,37(3), 329-353. Ole Pors, N. (2008). Management tools, organisational culture and leadership: an explorative study.Performance Measurement And Metrics,9(2), 138-152. Tuan, L. (2010). Organisational culture, leadership and performance measurement integratedness.International Journal Of Management And Enterprise Development,9(3), 251. Weintraub, R. (2012). 15 Lessons on Leadership.Phi Delta Kappan,93(7), 80-80. Yeo, R. (2003). Linking organisational learning to organisational performance and success: Singapore case studies.Leadership Organization Development Journal,24(2), 70-83. Yilmaz, H. (2014). The Evaluation of Impacts on Business Performance of the Knowledge Leadership.OEYBD,1(1).

How To Review Your AP English Essay Sample

How To Review Your AP English Essay SampleWhen preparing a sample AP English essay for college admission tests, one of the most important elements is creating a meaningful essay that allows for the student to demonstrate their ability to understand academic concepts. In addition, the samples should be matched with the student's level of academic ability and should feature varying difficulty levels. Many individuals who are preparing for college entrance exams have found that having their samples prepared by an experienced AP English teacher can help them write well, especially in terms of understanding of academic concepts.AP English writing samples should include several different types of essays. First, one sample should be a story analysis that focuses on characters and plot. The second sample should also be a character analysis, which looks at how the characters relate to each other. The final sample is a description of a place which may have historical significance.Individuals w ho are new to the writing process should use sample AP English essay questions to help them develop their skills with respect to the essay. As they progress in their academic career, they will become familiar with the format and structure of the test. They will also be able to distinguish the different types of essay questions and the different types of answers to each type of question.It is important to realize that some students who prepare for AP courses and test will need help with their essay writing and presentation skills. It is for this reason that the use of these question and answer formats is also very helpful. There are many online writers who will customize a particular format for the best results.The next time that you decide to review the AP writing sample you have, be sure to read through it thoroughly. Pay close attention to the sequence of questions and the format of the essay sample. This will help you to see if you have an understanding of the material or if you need to learn a new skill or revise an old skill.If you need help with a specific type of essay or use a specific format in a particular format, be sure to review your AP writing sample at least three times before it is submitted. You may also want to seek the advice of an English teacher who has experience in this area. A teacher can help you identify the areas that you need more practice in and can provide an in-depth review of each of the elements of the writing sample that you need to practice.In addition, the practice of writing or responding to essay questions will help you develop your writing skills in general. As you respond to different types of essay questions, you will become comfortable with the format and you will be able to use different parts of the writing sample as tools to help you in your own writing. Because the essay sample is designed to highlight certain skills, the practice you get from reviewing your essay at least three times will help you master the skill of writing well.Since most college admissions committees that review the writing sample will see it before they make a decision on the student, you do not want to waste any time by rewriting your essay. Rather, spend the time that is necessary to get familiar with the sample to ensure that you have an understanding of the essay questions that you are asked to prepare. By reviewing your sample before submitting it, you will be able to produce a well-written piece that will give your college application the best chance it will have at being accepted.

The Anxiety Caused When A Mistake Is Realized Essay Example For Students

The Anxiety Caused When A Mistake Is Realized Essay Sigmund Freud believed himself to be a scientist. He believed that he was not a philosopher, just a scientific thinker. Freud carefully thought everything through and always backed up his views. Before any idea went into print, Freud worked hard to make sure that he covered his theories from all angles and that he himself could not disprove one of his theories. As a scientist, Sigmund believed that he must continue to test his theories. While continuing to investigate the workings on the human mind, Freud realized that his views of anxiety tended to contradict each other. In Freuds later years he takes the flipside of his initial view on anxiety. Why does this happen? Well, it is a complicated process in which the complete reversal of ideas seems to shock even Freud. In Freuds book The Interpretation of Dreams, he comes to the conclusion that anxiety arises from forced repression. It is perfectly true that unconscious wishes always remain active. They represent paths which can always be traversedIndeed it is a prominent feature of unconscious processes that they are indestructible. Since wishes remain active, Freud thought that repression of certain wishes in the id by the superego results in a level of nervousness and indecision in the ego, called anxiety. He believed that since the wish was being repressed, it fought harder to come to the surface causing an internal struggle, which heightened sensitivity to danger. However this early work on the source of anxiety was accomplished using only anxiety-dreams and seems rushed when compared to other topics in The Interpretation of Dreams. It becomes obvious that Freud rushed his initial thoughts on anxiety in his first book, when one reads Inhibitions, Symptoms, and Anxiety, one of Freuds later works. The book is full of new ideas, thoughts and research. Freud begins this book by delving into the source of neurotic symptoms. He says that symptoms are:a sign of, and a substitute for, an instinctual satisfaction whi ch has remained in abeyance; its is a consequence of the process of repression. Repression proceeds from the ego when the ego which has been swayed by the superego refuses to associate itself with an instinctual cathexis which has been aroused in the id. In order to understand this, one must first have knowledge of the id, ego, and superego. Briefly, the id is the human instinct; it is self-centered and seeks complete and instant gratification at any expense. The superego begins to develop later in life (5-8years of age) and is influenced by society. Think of the superego as your conscience. Society and the person create right and wrong. So, it might be said that, the superego is a persons moral character. That leaves the ego, which is the mediator of arguments, in the form of impulses and wishes, from the id and superego. It is responsible for a persons actions. It has the ability to choose which impulses from the id are satisfied. The superego can communicate why a certain action could be harmful to oneself or other people, and the ego must choose if satisfying the wish of the id is worth the risk. Coming back to the previous quote, Freud believes that symptoms arise when the ego decides not to allow correct satisfaction of an impulse from the id. However, since the ego realizes that something must be done to stop the impulse, it creates a symptom, which indirectly satiates the id. While this seems to work in the short term, problems eventually arise as the id realizes it has been fooled. An example of this process begins with idea of an Oedipus Complex. This is a strong sexual attraction towards ones own mother during early childhood. Freud explains this process by use of a phobia of Little Hans. The young lad had an overwhelming fear of horses, especially horse-bites. Freud relates this fear to a fear of castration by the father. Freud believes that since Little Hans is attracted to his mother, he resents his father and the power associated with his father . However, the boy cannot truly resent his father, without out causing more pain, because of the closeness in the quarters they reside. The ego of Little Hans then made the decision to fear horses instead because it already witnessed horses hurting Little Hanss friends. Fear of being eaten by their parents for one reason or another is common amongst children. Little Hans needs power and recognizes his fathers genitals as power and therefore the boy fears castration from a horse bite. Freud begins to agree, at least partially with Ranks theory of birth trauma. Lifes initial trauma leads to the creation of anxiety. This initial anxiety leads to the formation of newer and bigger anxieties. Therefore, anxiety comes from birth and exists in all humans. It is around this time that Freud begins to recognize a change in his general theory. He writes:If I had contented myself earlier with saying that after the occurrence of repression a certain amount of anxiety appeared in place of the mani festation of libido. the description would be correct.I can now no longer maintain this view. And, indeed, I found it impossibleto explain how a transformation occurred. He now begins to try to explain his new point of view by going on about further causes of symptoms. He explains that symptoms may arise when repression fails to suppress impulses, when a person tries to undo a traumatic experience, or the auto-erotic impulse is suppressed. Also, the destruction of the Oedipus Complex is a way of overcoming the fear of castration, but creates other symptoms in the fact the it the Oedipus Complex is important to the id. Freud now states that anxiety arises directlyfrom a libidinal cathexis whose processes have been disturbed. He believes that anxiety is the result of disturbed processes in the brain. For example, a traumatic experience greatly upsets every ongoing process in the body. Emotions are stirred and internal chaos results. After the initial incident, a fear arises and a pers on feels great anxiety when near the place or people involved in the initial traumatic experience. This anxiety causes the need for repression in order to calm the anxious feeling. The repression causes the need to create a symptom in order to take away any connection to the initial trauma. This symptom is generally a phobic one. This is Freuds explanation for the creation of phobias. All of the aforementioned ideas led Freud to the conclusion that: Anxiety is a reaction to a situation danger. It is obviated by the egos doing something to avoid that situation or to withdraw from itsymptoms are created so as to avoid the generating of anxiety. Now that Freud has come to a conclusion on anxiety, he begins to try to theorize why different symptoms come about. Basically, childhood neurosis is blamed for later development of symptoms. Everyone is slightly neurotic and will develop phobias, or symptoms relating to past traumatic experiences. Those who have many symptoms and are obsessiona l neurotics have problems stemming form childhood neurosis, which was never overcome. Signs of childhood neurosis can be found in all adult neurotics without exception It is evident that Freud attributes failed repression to obsessional neurosis. .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df , .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df .postImageUrl , .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df , .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df:hover , .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df:visited , .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df:active { border:0!important; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df:active , .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u490d733a9077a5ecdffab48c8bd6d8df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cannabis Sativa: Why Hasn't It Been Legalized? Essay We will write a custom essay on The Anxiety Caused When A Mistake Is Realized specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Freud was a scientist. He wanted to make sure that all of his theories could not be disputed. Therefore, he needed to cover his point from every possible angle and continue to further develop it. While doing this, he realized that his theory was incorrect and needed to be changed. Instead of dismissing any possible criticisms he changed his idea in favor of one that is more suitable in light of new evidence. This is why Freud was obsessed with making the change correctly. He wanted to be correct, as we all do, and when he witnessed his mistake, he sucked it up and made anew. Its good practice. BibliographyFreud, Interpretation of DreamPhilosophy Essays

Argos and Corinth essays

Argos and Corinth essays Argos was founded by Phoroneus; he named it after his son, Argos. It was the second largest city-state in Ancient Greece, and for centuries, the most important one. Argos was subsidiary to Mycenae until the Dorian invasion in the 12th century BC. Then Argos became the most prominent Greek city-state in the northeastern Peloponnese. Argos and the Early Hoplite Greek lists begin in 680 BC proper, which coincides with the dates attributed to the rise of King Pheidon of Argos, who is attributed with formalizing the hoplite system and reuniting the Argolid city-states under Argive rule.Though, Argos became held in disgrace by other city-states in 480 BC when Athens and Sparta asked Argos polis to send supplies, and Argos refused. Argos had a very successful military. Argos has always been productive during times of war and peace. Argos and Sparta were competing city-states Argos weather is usually hot since its polis is located on a plain. The Argives soil is not very fertile, compelling them to fight the elements for food. This was a major hardship for them, but inspite of this, Argives were superior and an envy to th0e other Greek city-states. In 146 BC Argos became part of the Roman province of Achaea (province of Argos) and flourished as a center of arts and trade during the Roman period. Argos was most famous for its statues of athletes; magnificent and rippling with muscle. The were also famous for their wonderful musicians and poets. Argos was the first place in all of Greece where plays were performed in open-air theatres; they drew crowds of over 20,000. Drama reached new heights in Argos polis. Corinth, as a coastal city, had its own bank and successful works program. From this, their history flourished. Though, Corinth was never the mo ...

Similarities Between Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X

Similarities Between Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X may have had different takes on the philosophy of nonviolence, but they shared a number of similarities. As they aged, both men adopted a global consciousness that linked them together ideologically. Their personal lives also mirrored each other. Not only did their fathers have much in common but their wives did as well. Perhaps this is why Coretta Scott King and Betty Shabazz eventually became friends. By focusing on the common ground between Martin and Malcolm, its easier to understand why both men’s contributions to society were so important. Born to Baptist Ministers Malcolm X may be well known for his involvement in the Nation of Islam (and later traditional Islam), but his father, Earl Little, was a Baptist minister. Little was active in the United Negro Improvement Association and a supporter of black nationalist Marcus Garvey. Due to his activism, white supremacists tormented Little and were strongly suspected in his killing when Malcolm was six. King’s father, Martin Luther King Sr., was a Baptist minister and activist as well. In addition to serving as head of  the famous Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, King Sr. led the Atlanta chapter of the NAACP and the Civic and Political League. Unlike Earl Little, however, King Sr. lived until the age of 84. Married Educated Women During a time when it was uncommon for African-Americans or the public generally to attend college, both Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. married educated women. Taken in by a middle-class couple after her biological mother reportedly abused her, Malcolm’s future wife, Betty Shabazz, had a bright life ahead of her. She  attended the Tuskegee Institute  in Alabama and the Brooklyn State College School of Nursing in New York City after that. Coretta Scott King was similarly academically inclined. After graduating at the top of her high school class, she pursued higher education at Antioch College in Ohio and the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. Both women mainly served as homemakers while their husbands were alive but branched out into civil rights work after becoming â€Å"movement widows.† Adopted a Global Consciousness Before Death Although Martin Luther King Jr. was known as a civil rights leader and Malcolm X as a black radical, both men became advocates for oppressed people across the globe. King, for example, discussed how the Vietnamese people had experienced colonization and oppression when he expressed his opposition to the Vietnam War. â€Å"The Vietnamese people proclaimed their own independence in 1945 after a combined French and Japanese occupation, and before the Communist revolution in China,† King remarked in his â€Å"Beyond Vietnam† speech in 1967. â€Å"They were led by Ho Chi Minh. Even though they quoted the American Declaration of Independence in their own document of freedom, we refused to recognize them. Instead, we decided to support France in its reconquest of her former colony.† Three years earlier in his speech â€Å"Ballot or the Bullet,† Malcolm X discussed the importance of expanding civil rights activism to human rights activism. â€Å"Whenever you are in a civil rights struggle, whether you know it or not, you are confining yourself to the jurisdiction of Uncle Sam,† he said. â€Å"No one from the outside world can speak out on your behalf as long as your struggle is a civil  rights struggle. Civil rights come within the domestic affairs of this country. All of our African brothers and our Asian brothers and our Latin  American brothers cannot open their mouths and interfere in the domestic affairs of the United States.† Killed at the Same Age While Malcolm X was older than Martin Luther King- he was born May 19, 1925, and King was born Jan. 15, 1929- both were assassinated at the same age. Malcolm X was 39 when members of the Nation of Islam gunned him down on Feb. 21, 1965, as he gave a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan. King was 39 when James Earl Ray gunned him down on April 4, 1968, as he stood on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. King was in town to support striking African-American sanitation workers. Families Unhappy With Murder Cases The families of both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were dissatisfied with how authorities handled the murders of the activists. Coretta Scott King did not believe that James Earl Ray was responsible for King’s death and wanted him exonerated. Betty Shabazz long held Louis Farrakhan and other leaders in the Nation of Islam responsible for Malcolm X’s death, though Farrakhan has denied involvement in Malcolm’s murder. Two of the three men convicted of the crime, Muhammad Abdul Aziz and Kahlil Islam, also denied playing roles in Malcolm’s assassination. The one man convicted of the murder who did confess, Thomas Hagan, agrees that Aziz and Islam are innocent. He said he acted with two other men to execute Malcolm X.

Daycare Necessary Education essays

Daycare Necessary Education essays Daycare has become a controversy because of the great quantity of advantages and disadvantages that it involves. While a very large number of parents have to rely on child care centers because of career ambitions or financial needs that only their jobs can fulfill, most child psychiatrists believe that the ideal growing environment for an infant is at home with the family. The problem is that choosing the right caregiver, a good substitute for the parents, is very hard, and the consequences of a wrong decision can be very detrimental to the childs personality development. This choice depends on many factors like culture, education and especially income. In fact, the financial availability plays the most important role in the possibility to choose the child care with the highest quality, which means, the lowest danger of a negative impact on the infant. In March 1970, twenty-six percent of mothers with children under two years of age were in the labor force. By the same month in 1984, that figure was 46.8 percent (U.S. Department of Labor, 1984). In the present day, that number is even higher and the children under five years of age who need daycare assistance reached ten million (Bureau of Census, 1995). This strong increase of demand for external caregivers brought to the creation of many specialized centers and the growth of the sector of non-professional assistance like part-time babysitters. Unfortunately, the most part of these offerings are incompetent and low quality. As the average age in which children are placed in extra-parental hands is decreasing, the risk of later behavioral consequences increases, so the choice of the right solution becomes always more critical. At this time, over half of the children under one year need this kind of assistance and approximately sixteen percent of them belong to families very close to the poverty line (NAP chap.1). The problem is accentuated by the widening of the gap between ric...